Evaluation of the saltation process of bed materials by video imaging under altered bed roughness     

Anindita Bhattacharyya  Satya P. Ojha  Bijoy S. Mazumder 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1339-1353

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of particle saltation and movement over the beds of fixed roughness from flume experiments. A series of experiments are carried out to study the saltation of individual sand particles of different sizes over rough beds under different flow conditions. A 3‐D acoustic Doppler velocimeter is used to record the fluid velocity components; subsequently, under different flow conditions, the images of released sand particles are recorded using high‐speed video imaging technique. Systematic analysis is made with regard to the forces acting on the grains and the variation of their magnitudes along the saltation trajectories of the grains. Relations between the saltation parameters, flow intensity and bed roughness are developed. The distributions of the angle of orientations during a single saltation follows almost a Gaussian distribution. The shape of the Gaussian distribution depends on the particle size and bed roughness. Particle collisions with rough beds and the resulting coefficients of restitution are also discussed. A theoretical framework is developed to compute the mean particle velocity considering the spin in the energy balance equation. Results of the detailed analysis using the imaging technique are much better than in previously reported studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

“数字重庆”地理空间信息定位基准体系的建设     

徐永书  夏定辉  欧其健 《地理空间信息》2013,(3):4-6

介绍了"数字重庆"地理空间信息定位基准建设的基本情况,着重阐述了CQGNSS、高精度GPS控制网、精密水准网和区域似大地水准面精化等方面的数据处理情况,展示了山城地区的基准体系建设特点。  相似文献   

面向对象的泰安市高分辨率影像住宅建筑物提取     

董小姣  张东水  李朝奎 《地理空间信息》2013,11(1):67-69,13

基于eCognition Developer平台,以泰安市QuickBird影像为数据,采用面向对象多尺度分割、最邻近和隶属度分类,充分利用高分辨率QuickBird影像具有的丰富光谱、形状、纹理和结构等地物信息,对实验区进行分类并提取住宅建筑物信息。实验表明,与传统逐像元分类法相比,面向对象分类法有效地避免了分割区域的离散破碎,地类信息的提取更加完整、精确、高效。  相似文献   

一种高分辨率遥感影像处理方法及其在电力工程中的应用     

刘丽 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):157-159,164

随着地球空间信息科学技术的飞速发展,高分辨率卫星遥感技术逐渐成为主流的对地观测手段之一。其生产的高分辨率遥感影像具有数据获取迅速、成本低、不受地域限制等诸多优点,广泛应用于国土、石油、电力、林业等行业部门。但由于其出现年代较新、数据量庞大、分辨率高,高分辨率遥感影像的数据处理与应用尚无完整的理论和方案指导,导致其在电力等行业的应用长期处于探索阶段。本文针对高分辨率遥感影像的关键处理难点,结合电力工程实际需求,提出了一整套数据处理及应用方案,为高分辨率遥感影像数据处理及其电力工程应用提供了技术支持和实践经验。  相似文献   

长春国土C级GPS网数据处理与精度分析     

裴毓铁  郝奇  马友利 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):75-77,80

从长春国土C级GPS网的数据进行分析,通过高精度GAMIT软件进行解算,为了确定在严格基准下的控制网地心坐标,将控制网纳入到ITRF参考框架中,加上了ITRF参考框架中测站坐标已知的全球站数据一起处理,将吉林省CORS站与IGS跟踪站进行联测,获得控制网某点的瞬时坐标。最后,对整个控制网的精度进行了详细的分析。  相似文献   

Generation of high spatial and temporal resolution NDVI and its application in crop biomass estimation     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(3):203-218

Abstract

While data like HJ-1 CCD images have advantageous spatial characteristics for describing crop properties, the temporal resolution of the data is rather low, which can be easily made worse by cloud contamination. In contrast, although Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) can only achieve a spatial resolution of 250 m in its normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) product, it has a high temporal resolution, covering the Earth up to multiple times per day. To combine the high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution of different data sources, a new method (Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Vegetation index Fusion Model [STAVFM]) for blending NDVI of different spatial and temporal resolutions to produce high spatial–temporal resolution NDVI datasets was developed based on Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM). STAVFM defines a time window according to the temporal variation of crops, takes crop phenophase into consideration and improves the temporal weighting algorithm. The result showed that the new method can combine the temporal information of MODIS NDVI and spatial difference information of HJ-1 CCD NDVI to generate an NDVI dataset with both high spatial and high temporal resolution. An application of the generated NDVI dataset in crop biomass estimation was provided. An average absolute error of 17.2% was achieved. The estimated winter wheat biomass correlated well with observed biomass (R ² of 0.876). We conclude that the new dataset will improve the application of crop biomass estimation by describing the crop biomass accumulation in detail. There is potential to apply the approach in many other studies, including crop production estimation, crop growth monitoring and agricultural ecosystem carbon cycle research, which will contribute to the implementation of Digital Earth by describing land surface processes in detail.  相似文献   

基于高分辨率SAR图像成像机理的震害信息分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘金玉  张景发  刘国林 《国土资源遥感》2013,25(3)

与中低分辨率SAR图像相比,高分辨率SAR图像受目标复杂性和成像噪声等因素的干扰更为严重,致使应用高分辨率SAR图像检测震害目标变得更加困难.传统的适用于中低分辨率SAR图像的震害信息提取方法对于高分辨率SAR图像有一定的局限性.为了从高分辨率SAR图像中更加准确地提取震害信息,从SAR图像成像机理和目标的后向散射特征出发,对建筑物和道路、桥梁的震害特征进行了细致分析,为寻求合适的目标检测和提取方法提供了思路.  相似文献   

高分辨率PSI上海市沉降探测及分析     

聂运菊  刘国祥  石金峰  于冰 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):73-76

本文在改进的永久散射体(PS)探测方法基础上,应用高分辨率永久散射体雷达干涉(PSI)探测上海市地表沉降,并对沉降原因进行了详细分析。实验选取2008年4月至2010年1月间,由德国卫星TerraSAR-X(TSX)所获取的18幅X波段(波长为3.1 cm)高分辨率SAR影像为数据源,进行PS探测、PSI建模、形变提取和分析。实验结果表明,改进的PS探测方法探测出的PS点是合理和可靠的,且高分辨率SAR影像对地面硬目标识别能力较强,显著提高了PS点的密度和覆盖范围。沉降探测结果显示,最大相对沉降速率达30 mm/yr,平均沉降速率为11.5 mm/yr。  相似文献   

Near real-time high-resolution airborne camera,AEROCam, for precision agriculture     

Xiaodong Zhang  Ho Jin Kim  Clinton Streeter  David A. Claypool  Ramesh Sivanpillai  Santhosh Seelan 《国际地球制图》2013,28(7):537-551

Precision agriculture often relies on high-resolution imagery to delineate the variability within a field. Airborne Environmental Research Observational Camera (AEROCam) was designed to meet the needs of agriculture producers, ranchers, and researchers, who require high-resolution imagery in a near real-time environment for rapid decision support. AEROCam was developed and operated through a unique collaboration between several departments at the University of North Dakota, including the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium (UMAC), the School of Engineering and Mines, and flight operations at the John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences. AEROCam consists of a Redlake MS4100 area-scan multi-spectral digital camera that features a 1920 × 1080 CCD array (7.4-μm detector) with 8-bit quantization. When operated at ～2 km above ground level, multispectral images with four bands in the visible and near infrared have a ground sample distance of 1 m with a horizontal extent of just over 1.6 km. Depending on the applications, flying at different altitudes can adjust the spatial resolution from 0.25 to 2 m. Rigorous spectral and radiometric calibrations allow AEROCam to be used in a variety of applications, qualitative and quantitative. Equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system, the images acquired can be geo-referenced automatically and delivered to end users near real time through our Digital Northern Great Plains system (DNGP). The images are also available to zone mapping application for precision farming (ZoneMAP), an online decision support tool for creating management zones from remote sensing imagery and data from other sources. Operational since 2004, AEROCam has flown over 250 sorties and delivered over 150,000 images to the users in the Northern Great Plains region, resulting in numerous applications in precision agriculture and resource management.  相似文献   

Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature     

詹鸿宇  陈锐丹  蓝铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):57-70

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific (WNP) subtropical high (WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP (WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Ni?o decaying pattern before 1990 while rapid transformation from El Ni?o to La Ni?a after 1990. The early summer tropical SSTAs and the relevant atmospheric circulation anomalies present obvious interdecadal differences. Before 1990, the warm SSTAs over the northern Indian Ocean and southern South China Sea favor the WNPHA through eastward-propagating Kelvin wave and meridional-vertical circulation, respectively. Meanwhile, the warm SSTA over the tropical central Pacific induces anomalous ascent to its northwest through the Gill response, which could strengthen the anomalous descent over the WNP through meridional-vertical circulation and further favor the eastward extension of the WNPHA to central Pacific. After 1990, the warm SSTAs over the Maritime Continent and northern Indian Ocean cause the WNPHA through meridional-vertical and zonal-vertical circulation, respectively. Overall, the anomalous warm SSTs and ascent and the resultant anomalous descent over the WNP are located more westward and southward after 1990 than before 1990. Consequently, the WNPHA features narrower zonal range and less eastward extension after 1990, corresponding to the interdecadal decease in the interannual variability of the western edge of the WNPSH. On the other hand, the dominant oscillation period of ENSO experienced an interdecadal reduction around 1990, contributing to the change of the El Ni?o SSTA associated with the anomalous WNPSH from slow decaying type to rapid transformation type.  相似文献